ENC-1010 Writing for Success

Effective writing is one of the skills most often cited by employers as essential to their employees' success. In this introductory course, students develop skills critical for both academic and career success through writing material that is intended to inform by providing unbiased facts. Students are guided through activities that help them understand the writing process, develop the ability to succinctly state and support their thesis statements and point of view, identify and incorporate information from outside sources, and customize their writing for specific target audiences. Students share their progress throughout the term in short essays and workshop discussions. The course culminates with the opportunity to identify a problem affecting the student's life, attempting to solve it through careful research and logical argumentation, and communicating the findings verbally and in writing.

Study Methods:

Guided Study (ENC-101-GS):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Online Courses (ENC-101-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

TECEP® Examination (ENC-101-TE):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Self-Directed Courses (ENC-101-SD): This course is offered every term.

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

ENC-1020 Writing for Success II

Are you ready to take your writing skills to the next level? This course explores reliable research methods, ethical use of sources and other writing tools, effective organizational and rhetorical strategies, and engagement with the writing process. A highlight of this course is its practical application and focus on writing for real-world target audiences. Students will choose an issue affecting their lives at home, at school, at work, or in their communities to research and analyze. The skills and knowledge from this course will benefit students in a wide range of disciplines and careers as they learn how to use research to identify, analyze, and evaluate the complex problems and issues that affect our world.

Advisory: It is advisable to have knowledge in a course equivalent to ENC-1010: Writing for Success with a grade of C or better to succeed in this course. Students are responsible for making sure that they have the necessary knowledge.

Study Methods:

Guided Study (ENC-102-GS):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Online Courses (ENC-102-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

TECEP® Examination (ENC-102-TE):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Self-Directed Courses (ENC-102-SD): This course is offered every term.

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

COM-2090 Public Speaking

This course focuses on the skills necessary for effective public speaking: organizing materials, selecting appropriate content, developing a comprehensive outline, integrating visual aids effectively, and using an appropriate style of delivery. Students learn the principles of public speaking and critical thinking including the discovery and evaluation of arguments and evidence, organization, style, audience analysis and adaptation, speech composition, and presentation skills. This course prepares students to develop professional presentations in the increasingly diverse workplace.

BSN students: This course is offered 3 times per year during Session 2 of each 16 week Nursing Undergraduate term. Please check the School of Nursing Undergraduate Academic Calendar for dates and registration information.

Study Methods:

Nursing Online Courses (COM-209-NU):

Mar 2024

Online Courses (COM-209-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

TECEP® Examination (COM-209-TE):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

MAT-1210 College Algebra

This course builds upon the foundations of basic/intermediate algebra to further develop students' mathematical knowledge and professional skill set. Students in a wide range of disciplines and careers build real-world technical skills through the use of technology, data, and application modeling. This course also emphasizes critical thinking, logic, problem solving, and analytical skills. Topics include a review of pre-algebraic concepts, linear equations and inequalities, quadratic equations, functions (linear, quadratic, polynomial, exponential, and logarithmic), real-world applications using modeling and applying regression analysis to data.

Advisory: It is advisable to have knowledge in a course equivalent to MAT-1150: Intermediate Algebra with a grade of C or better to succeed in this course. Students are responsible for ensuring that they have the required knowledge. Bachelor of Science in Business Administration and Associate in Science in Business Administration students are recommended to take MAT-1190: Quantitative Business Analysis or MAT-1210: College Algebra.

Study Methods:

Guided Study (MAT-121-GS):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Online Courses (MAT-121-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

TECEP® Examination (MAT-121-TE):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

SOS-1100 Fact, Fiction, or Fake? Information Literacy Today

We are bombarded with information every day. It comes at us from all directions - from our social media feeds, traditional news outlets, advertisements and commercials, assigned readings in college courses, and from friends and family members. This is a regular part of daily life in the "information age," but it can be difficult to make sense of so much information coming at us from different directions. How do we know what information to trust, and what information is "fake or fiction"? In what ways do our own beliefs and perceptions shape how we use information? How can we identify the most reliable sources of information in our courses, careers, and daily lives? In this course, students develop strategies for locating credible information; evaluate a variety of sources for credibility; learn how cognitive bias may influence how information is perceived; practice giving proper credit to the sources of the information; and learn how to apply these information literacy skills in their academic courses, career, and personal life.

BSN students: This course is offered 6 times per year during Session 1 and Session 2 of each 16 week Nursing Undergraduate term. Please check the 16 Week School of Nursing Undergraduate Academic Calendar for dates and registration information.

Study Methods:

Nursing Online Courses (SOS-110-NU):

Mar 2024

Online Courses (SOS-110-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

SOC-1010 Our Changing World: An Introduction to Sociology

Sociology sheds light on the diverse people and cultures of the United States and the world. The discipline helps humankind understand social change and social problems. This course introduces sociology, the scientific study of social behavior and interaction, as a field with broad application for understanding social activity and addressing social problems. Students will develop their sociological imagination and will be introduced to sociological research skills. The course explores topics related to diversity and inequity at multiple levels and emphasizes how social structure impacts the decisions and actions of people based on group membership, including race, ethnicity, class and gender.

Study Methods:

e-Pack® (SOC-101-EP):
(e-Pack® courses are not included in Zero Textbook Cost options)

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Guided Study (SOC-101-GS):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Online Courses (SOC-101-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

TECEP® Examination (SOC-101-TE):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Self-Directed Courses (SOC-101-SD): This course is offered every term.

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

ETH-2200 Leading the Way: A Path Towards Ethical Leadership

Whenever a new corporate scandal emerges, society asks, how could this happen? How could there have been such a failure in leadership? At the turn of the 21st century, scandal after scandal came to light and in reaction, ethical leadership as a contemporary field of study began to take shape. The formative research studies argued that, not only was ethical leadership a moral imperative, it stood to make managers more effective, employees more productive, and organizations more successful. This course traces the path toward ethical leadership, examining how thoughts on leadership have changed over time and how they have been inspired by philosophical ethical theories. Exploration of how ethics can be applied to professional and personal endeavors sheds light on why ethical leadership matters in everyday life.

Study Methods:

Online Courses (ETH-220-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

POS-1100 American Government

This course offers a thought-provoking survey of what the American government does and why it matters. Students will engage in a multimedia exploration of the essential characteristics of the American political system, including the roles and responsibilities of political institutions, the effects of the media and interest groups on political outcomes, and the debates that are intrinsic to American politics. This course will help students develop the critical-thinking skills needed to navigate the American political landscape and recognize that political knowledge promotes democratic values and strengthens the political process.

BSN students: This course is offered 3 times per year during Session 2 of each 16 week Nursing Undergraduate term. Please check the 16 Week School of Nursing Undergraduate Academic Calendar for dates and registration information.

Study Methods:

e-Pack® (POS-110-EP):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Nursing Online Courses (POS-110-NU):

Mar 2024

Online Courses (POS-110-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

CRJ-2800 Forensic Science

Forensic Science presents a comprehensive introduction of the application of science concepts to criminal investigation. Key topics covered include the importance of the crime scene and the collection and analysis of both physical and biological evidence. In addition to the textbook readings and lecture notes, this course employs analysis of actual criminal cases through written assignments and discussions.

Study Methods:

Online Courses (CRJ-280-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

HIS-1130 American History I

American History I provides a broad-based history of the origin and growth of the United States from the arrival of the first European settlers up to and including the period of the Civil War. The story of the United States is about diversified cultures and great public events, many peoples living together in a single land, and a war that is still being fought in many sections of the land.

Study Methods:

Online Courses (HIS-113-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

FIL-1100 Exploring American Cinema

Movies have been called "the art form of the 20th century," and Hollywood has been described as "the Dream Factory." This course examines how American motion pictures have weaved their powerful spell on generations of moviegoers - including today's motion picture fans. How did classic Hollywood films tell their stories? What was their "visual language?" How did the history of the studios help to shape the movies? In this course students watch, read about, and examine films of various genres including the Western, film noir, screwball comedy, and horror. This course also explores modern Hollywood topics such as film franchises and the equal representation and diversity in films.

Study Methods:

Guided Study (FIL-110-GS):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Online Courses (FIL-110-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

SOC-2910 Criminology

This course provides a comprehensive exploration of criminology, aiming to help students develop a solid understanding of the causes, consequences, and responses to crime within society. Through an interdisciplinary approach, students will examine various theories, methods, and perspectives used to study crime and criminal behavior. Students will explore policies and evidence-based prevention strategies within the field of criminology. Course topics include the criminal justice system, existing research methods, how crime is measured, classical school thinking, positivism, theories influenced by functionalism, the role of symbolic interactionism in criminological theories, conflict theory-influenced philosophies from the past to the present, and the relationship between theory, research, and policy.

Study Methods:

Online Courses (SOC-291-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

HIS-1140 American History II

American History II is a continuation of American History I. It begins with the period of Reconstruction in the South immediately after the Civil War and continues into the 21st century. The course covers the social, economic, and political development of the nation. The issues center on the transformation of the United States from an agrarian nation and a lesser member of the international community to a leading industrial power of the modern world.

Study Methods:

Online Courses (HIS-114-OL):

Mar 2024,  May 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

HUM-1030 Introduction to the Humanities III: Music

This course discusses and helps students appreciate representative works of Western music in relation to their historical contexts. The course takes a three pronged approach. First, it examines the historical, social, political, and religious environments that shaped the composers under study and their musical styles. Second, it focuses on certain representative works as examples of their times and as objects of art unto themselves. Finally, it develops listening skills and a musical vocabulary that allows students to isolate and identify certain types of musical phenomena. Students will emerge from the course with an expanded appreciation of the language of music. Course content is drawn from the Teaching Company's "How to Listen to and Understand Great Music" by Dr. Robert Greenberg.

Study Methods:

Online Courses (HUM-103-OL):

Mar 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

CIS-1070 Computer Concepts and Applications

This course provides an overview of computer systems with a focus on historical development, hardware, application software, programming considerations, multimedia, communications, and the utilization of internet resources. Students are also engaged with research and applications pertinent to the purchase of computer systems, installation considerations, computer maintenance, the role of information systems within an organization, and system analysis and design. Careers in the computer field, security best practices, ethical guidelines, and privacy issues are also examined throughout the course. The "laboratory" portion of the course features the use of an office suite application environment.

Study Methods:

e-Pack® (CIS-107-EP):
(e-Pack® courses are not included in Zero Textbook Cost options)

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Guided Study (CIS-107-GS):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Online Courses (CIS-107-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

TECEP® Examination (CIS-107-TE):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

PHY-1150 Physics I with Lab

Physics I with Lab is a first-semester introductory course in physics that focuses on mechanics and the properties of matter and includes study of motion and energy. This course includes a laboratory.

Advisory: It is advisable to have knowledge in a course equivalent to MAT-1210: College Algebra with a grade of C or better to succeed in this course. Students are responsible for making sure that they have the necessary knowledge. This course meets the area of study Physics I with Lab requirement.

Note: This course has a lab kit requirement. Please check the syllabus for ordering instructions.

Study Methods:

Online Courses (PHY-115-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 4

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

STA-2010 Principles of Statistics

Principles of Statistics is designed to meet the needs of students across multiple disciplines and professions. As data becomes more prevalent in our world through advances in technology, there is a growing need to understand, analyze, and utilize these data effectively to make decisions. This course provides students with techniques needed to scientifically analyze data for statistical interpretation. Topics include types of statistics, data representations (tables, graphs, and charts), measures of location and variation, probability concepts, continuous and discrete distributions, confidence intervals, hypothesis tests, distribution-free tests, and regression and correlation analysis. The emphasis of the course is on the application of these statistical methods to solve real-world problems regardless of academic or professional discipline.

Advisory: It is advisable to have knowledge in a course equivalent to MAT-1210: College Algebra with a grade of C or better to succeed in this course. Students are responsible for making sure that they have the necessary knowledge.

Study Methods:

Guided Study (STA-201-GS):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Online Courses (STA-201-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

TECEP® Examination (STA-201-TE):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

PHY-1160 Physics II with Lab

Physics II with Lab is a second-semester introductory course in physics that emphasizes the comprehension of topics such as electricity, magnetism, electromagnetism, light, and optics. This course includes a laboratory.

Advisory: It is advisable to have knowledge in a course equivalent to PHY-1110: Physics I and MAT-1210: College Algebra with a grade of C or better to succeed in this course. Students are responsible for making sure that they have the necessary knowledge. This course meets the area of study Physics II with Lab requirement.

Note: This course has a lab kit requirement. Please check the syllabus for ordering instructions.

Study Methods:

Online Courses (PHY-116-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 4

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

ELE-2110 DC Circuits

This course covers the fundamental concepts of electricity, batteries, DC series, parallel and complex circuits, electrical conductors, electromagnetism and magnetic circuits, and DC electrical indicating instruments.

Advisory: Proficiency in a course equivalent to at least MAT-1210: College Algebra is needed to succeed in this course.

Note: This course requires that students use NI Circuit Design Suite software, which is a Windows-based product and will not run on Macs. Students can run this software and other Windows software on a Mac using Apple's Boot Camp technology or third-party virtualization tools like Parallels or VMWare Fusion. These tools make it possible to run Mac OSX and a Windows operating system side by side. This solution will require a Windows license.

Study Methods:

Online Courses (ELE-211-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

ELE-2120 AC Circuits

This course covers an introduction to alternating current, inductance, capacitance, inductive and capacitive reactance, fundamental AC circuitry, and single phase transformer.

Advisory: Advisory: Knowledge of basic DC circuits (or a course equivalent to ELE-2110: DC Circuits) and an understanding of trigonometric functions (or proficiency in a course equivalent to at least MAT-1290: Precalculus) is needed to succeed in this course.

Note: This course requires that students use NI Circuit Design Suite software, which is a Windows-based product and will not run on Macs. Students can run this software and other Windows software on a Mac using Apple's Boot Camp technology or third-party virtualization tools like Parallels or VMWare Fusion. These tools make it possible to run Mac OSX and a Windows operating system side by side. This solution will require a Windows license.

Study Methods:

Online Courses (ELE-212-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

ELD-3020 Digital Electronics

This course is a study in applied digital logic using electronic digital circuits. Students will learn about digital electronic fundamentals, including number systems, logic gates, Boolean algebra, logic families circuit design, flip-flops, combinational and synchronous logic circuit design, logic minimization techniques (Karnaugh maps, Quine-McCluskey), finite state machines, counters, shift registers, encoders and decoders, multiplexers and demultiplexers, data storage, data conversion, data processing, and control. Learning is augmented by hands-on work through virtual labs using the NI Multisim software.

Note: This course requires that students use NI Circuit Design Suite software, which is a Windows-based product and will not run on Macs. Students can run this software and other Windows software on a Mac using Apple's Boot Camp technology or third-party virtualization tools like Parallels or VMWare Fusion. These tools make it possible to run Mac OSX and a Windows operating system side by side. This solution will require a Windows license.

Study Methods:

Online Courses (ELD-302-OL):

Apr 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

ELT-3060 Solid State Devices and Circuits

Studies include analysis and design considerations for electronic amplifiers and power supplies using semiconductor devices. Class A amplifiers using bipolar transistors will be analyzed with emphasis on frequency response, power dissipation, and efficiency.

Note: This course has a lab kit requirement. Please check the syllabus for ordering instructions.

Study Methods:

Online Courses (ELT-306-OL):

Mar 2024,  May 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

APS-4000 Occupational Safety and Health

The Occupational Safety and Health course provides analysis and solution components for technology leaders to identify potential issues and plan solutions. The content includes roles of the technical leaders in environmental, health, and safety management; quantitative problem solving and units of measure; application of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations; and development of solutions specific to the student's field of applied science and technology.

Study Methods:

Online Courses (APS-400-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

MAN-4350 Project Management

This course provides the foundation for managing projects in today's global economy, focusing on the tools, skills, and behaviors necessary for successful project execution. The course explores the competencies necessary to lead projects within a structured framework, addressing leadership, scope identification, team management, estimation, risk and issue resolution, and project control. Additionally, challenges such as outsourcing, matrix reporting, and resource constraints will be addressed. The course design capitalizes on real-world examples and case studies, offering students an opportunity to blend theory with practice, contributing to meeting the high demand for leading projects in a variety of organizations, industries, and environments.

Study Methods:

Online Courses (MAN-435-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Self-Directed Courses (MAN-435-SD): This course is offered every term.

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

APS-4020 Applied Quality Management

The Applied Quality Management course provides students with the knowledge and techniques required to improve product quality and process efficiency by identifying and measuring production process variability, which, if not successfully addressed, leads to inconsistent product quality, costly wastage, nonstandardization, and other reliability and productivity problems. This course introduces basic quality management concepts and definitions and builds on that knowledge to explore Statistical Process Control (SPC) based quality improvement techniques as a means to diagnose, reduce, and eliminate causes of variation and to assist in process improvement, production control, production planning, and decision making. A brief review of the fundamentals of statistics and probability and their applications in quality management is provided, and various measurement and control techniques — for example, charts for variables and attributes, are presented.

Study Methods:

Online Courses (APS-402-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)

APS-4010 Current Trends and Applications in Applied Science and Technology

Current Trends and Applications in Applied Science and Technology is designed to provide knowledge on the identification, analysis, and synthesis of current trends and incremental changes in the technical area of study. Students apply the knowledge in the assessment of the potential impact of a current trend or incremental change influencing a discipline, while recommending an action plan or additional investigation.

Study Methods:

Online Courses (APS-401-OL):

Mar 2024,  Apr 2024,  May 2024,  Jun 2024

Credits: 3

Preview the Online Syllabus 
(Please visit the University bookstore to view the correct materials for each course by semester as the contents of the actual online syllabus may differ from the preview due to updates or revisions)